酉阳河流域典型年汛期的基流分割研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

雷宇宽 《水文》2021,41(1):35-41

基流分割是水文学研究中的重难点问题之一,目前基流分割也存在许多方法。基于酉阳河典型年汛期实测日平均流量资料,分别采用Chapman-Maxwell改进方程数字滤波法一次滤波(参数N=1)以及二次滤波(参数N=2)、BFI(f)法、HYSEP固定步长法、HYSEP滑动步长法、HYSEP局部最小值法进行基流分割并对其结果进行分析对比。研究结果表明:不同方法下得到的基流分割线各不相同,各年份基流指数的统计特征也存在一定差异,采用Chapman-Maxwell改进方程数字滤波法二次滤波得到的基流成果更符合基流的一般特征以及酉阳河流域的降水径流关系特点。  相似文献   

台风“摩羯”与“温比亚”环流中龙卷小尺度涡旋特征及可预警性分析          下载免费PDF全文

刁秀广  孟宪贵  张立  任钟冬  赵海军 《山东气象》2019,39(3):19-28

利用多普勒天气雷达探测资料,结合常规气象观测资料和天气实况及灾情调查,对2018年8月14日台风“摩羯”（1814）和8月19日台风“温比亚”（1818）产生龙卷的环境物理量及龙卷风暴强度结构特征进行了分析,对诱发龙卷和未诱发龙卷的小尺度气旋性涡旋特征进行了对比。结果表明：两次台风减弱低压东北象限是龙卷发生的关键区,低层高湿,强的低层垂直风切变和大的相对风暴螺旋度是关键物理量;龙卷出现时都伴有ΔV＞20.0 m·s-1的小尺度气旋性涡旋,且基本出现在2.0 km高度以下,但并不是所有这种低层小尺度气旋性涡旋都能诱发龙卷;以ΔV＞20.0 m·s-1为阈值,龙卷识别具有较高的命中率,识别准确率为31.8%,空报率为67.4%,漏报率为6.7%;约35.7%的龙卷没有识别时间提前量,半数龙卷几乎没有预警时间提前量。  相似文献   

THE IMPACT OF MOUNTAIN TO BASIN WINDS ON THE DIURNAL VARIATION IN FOG OVER THE SICHUAN BASIN, CHINA     

张福颖  刘海文  朱玉祥  赵亮  段伯隆  傅宁 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):257-268

There is an increased demand for the accurate prediction of fog events in the Sichuan Basin (SCB) using numerical methods. A dense fog event that occurred over the SCB on 22 December 2016 was investigated. The results show that this dense fog event was influenced by the southwest of a low pressure with a weak horizontal pressure gradient and high relative humidity. This fog event showed typical diurnal variations. The fog began to form at 1800 UTC on 21 December 2016 (0200 local standard time on 22 December 2016) and dissipated at 0600 UTC on 22 December 2016 (1400 local standard time on 22 December 2016). The Weather Research and Forecasting model was able to partially reproduce the main features of this fog event and the diurnal variation in the local mountain to basin winds. The simulated horizontal visibility and liquid water content were used to characterize the fog. The mountain to basin winds had an important role in the diurnal variation of the fog event. The positive feedback mechanism between the fog and mountain to basin winds was good for the formation and maintain of the fog during the night. During the day, the mountain to basin wind displayed a transition from downslope flows to upslope flows. Water vapor evaporated easily from the warm, strong upslope winds, which resulted in the dissipation of fog during the day. The topography surrounding the SCB favored the lifting and condensation of air parcels in the lower troposphere as a result of the low height of the lifting condensation level.  相似文献   

京津冀地区低层局地大气环流的气候特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曾佩生  朱蓉  范广洲  李泽椿  王月冬 《气象》2019,45(3):381-394

本文采用2007-2016年的中尺度数值模拟结果和15个地面气象站观测资料,定义了局地风场表征风速,研究京津冀平原地区局地大气环流日变化的气候特征,并对区域大气污染及其输送的影响进行分析。此外,对2016年12月30日至2017年1月7日北京地区跨年大气重污染过程进行了个例分析。得到结论:京津冀平原地区低空风场变化是天气系统与局地大气环流共同作用的结果,山谷风环流致使太行山和燕山沿线平原地区大气边界层内的长年主导风向为偏北和偏南;太行山和燕山沿线地区山谷风环流本身呈顺时针旋转的日变化特征,夜间至早晨谷风转向山风,午后至夜间山风转向谷风;在午后谷风向山风转向期间,容易形成沿太行山东麓和燕山南麓、自南向东北的"弓形"气流输送通道,此气流输送通道在1月于21时左右形成,持续时间大约3 h,在7月于18时左右形成,持续时间可达9 h;冬季午后至晚间盛行谷风时,受山体的阻挡,污染物容易在山前累积,导致污染浓度增高;夏季同样的情况会发生在后半夜。  相似文献   

新疆博格达山北缘二叠纪中—晚期构造运动的沉积响应     

鲁智帅  谢庆宾  张津宁  祁利祺  许涛  陈佳  相泓含 《地质论评》2023,69(3):2023030020-2023030020

博格达山北缘是准噶尔盆地与天山造山带之间的关键部位,是研究盆山关系的重点区域。博格达山北缘二叠纪中、晚期的构造演化与沉积时空演变关系存在较大争议。本研究通过野外实地勘测、镜下岩石薄片鉴定、粒度分析实验和地震资料解析等方法,针对博格达山北缘东、西部两条剖面—大龙口剖面和井井子沟剖面开展研究,分析其沉积类型和演变过程,解析盆山构造变形和发育特征,探讨构造运动的沉积响应。研究结果表明：瓜德鲁普统乌拉泊组为湖成三角洲相,井井子沟组至红雁池组为湖泊相,乐平统泉子街组为冲积扇—河流相沉积,梧桐沟组和锅底坑组为滨浅湖—三角洲相沉积;研究区可分为两个主要构造层,下构造层以伸展断陷为主要结构,上构造层以前陆冲断为主要构造变形;多期构造活动控制瓜德鲁普统、乐平统沉积演化过程,在挤压构造背景下,瓜德鲁普统的湖泊相转变为乐平统冲积扇—河流相沉积,晚期构造活动趋于稳定,区域进入准平原化作用阶段。  相似文献   

高山冰川多时相多角度遥感信息提取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

都伟冰  李均力  包安明  王宝山  王双亭 《测绘学报》2015,44(1):59-66

提出一种多角度遥感影像的冰川信息提取方法。通过"全域—局部"的阈值分割方法获取短时期内不同时相的遥感影像的冰雪边界,结合地形信息和多时相遥感影像的太阳角度信息,联合消除山体阴影对冰川的遮挡,并以多期影像的最小冰雪边界作为最佳冰川边界。以托木尔峰西侧冰川为研究对象,采用2009—2010年4个时相的遥感影像提取冰川信息。结果表明多角度遥感提取的冰川边界效果好,能有效地排除积雪与山体阴影的干扰。  相似文献   

高分一号山地冰川运动速度提取与分析     

周建民  张鑫  刘志平  李震 《遥感学报》2021,25(2):530-538

近年来国产遥感卫星数据增多,但在山地冰川运动速度监测研究中,国产卫星遥感数据的使用却很少。基于此现状,本研究利用"高分一号"卫星数据(GF-1)对藏东南雅弄冰川运动速度进行了提取。通过与同分辨率、同时段的Landsat 8数据进行对比,以及利用非冰川稳定区域的残余位移和冰川主冰流线剖面运动速度两方面,评估了GF-1数据提取的冰川运动速度的精度。结果表明:GF-1数据在非冰川稳定区域的平均偏移量为7.48 m·a~(-1),虽较Landsat 8数据的高(平均偏移量4.58 m·a~(-1)),但小于冰川平均运动速度的5%;GF-1数据与Landsat 8数据在2015年—2016年时段内的冰川主冰流线运动速度变化趋势一致,两者的偏差均方根为7.41 m,小于冰川平均运动速度的5%。研究结果证明了国产高分一号卫星遥感数据在青藏高原山地冰川运动速度监测应用中的可行性。  相似文献   

Impact of missing flow on active inundation areas and transformation of parafluvial wetlands in Punarbhaba–Tangon river basin of Indo-Bangladesh     

Swades Pal 《国际地球制图》2019,34(10):1055-1074

Punarbhaba river of Indo-Bangladesh has experienced hydro-ecological alteration after installation of Komardanga dam in 1992 and consequently wetland and inundation areas have undergone into transformation. The present work intends to explore the impact of flow attenuation on contemporary and upcoming flood extent and flood plain wetlands. In post-dam condition, average and maximum flows are attenuated by 36 and 41%, respectively, and as a result the active flood prone area is squeezed considerably by 39.72%. Average flood water depth is also reduced by 37.87% (4.45metre) after flow modification. Due to shrinkages of flood prone areas, wetland area is also reduced from 215.70 to 90.40 km² and larger part of the present wetland area is under stress and critical state. Predicted flood prone areas in next 25 years will be 328.91 km² and consequently 65.63 km² wetland areas may further be under hydro-ecological threats. Release of ecological flow is essential to restore and preserve the wetland.  相似文献   

Snow model sensitivity analysis to understand spatial and temporal snow dynamics in a high‐elevation catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Michael Engel  Claudia Notarnicola  Stefano Endrizzi  Giacomo Bertoldi 《水文研究》2017,31(23):4151-4168

In this paper, we addressed a sensitivity analysis of the snow module of the GEOtop2.0 model at point and catchment scale in a small high‐elevation catchment in the Eastern Italian Alps (catchment size: 61 km²). Simulated snow depth and snow water equivalent at the point scale were compared with measured data at four locations from 2009 to 2013. At the catchment scale, simulated snow‐covered area (SCA) was compared with binary snow cover maps derived from moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat satellite imagery. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the effect of different model parameterizations on model performance at both scales and the effect of different thresholds of simulated snow depth on the agreement with MODIS data. Our results at point scale indicated that modifying only the “snow correction factor” resulted in substantial improvements of the snow model and effectively compensated inaccurate winter precipitation by enhancing snow accumulation. SCA inaccuracies at catchment scale during accumulation and melt period were affected little by different snow depth thresholds when using calibrated winter precipitation from point scale. However, inaccuracies were strongly controlled by topographic characteristics and model parameterizations driving snow albedo (“snow ageing coefficient” and “extinction of snow albedo”) during accumulation and melt period. Although highest accuracies (overall accuracy = 1 in 86% of the catchment area) were observed during winter, lower accuracies (overall accuracy < 0.7) occurred during the early accumulation and melt period (in 29% and 23%, respectively), mostly present in areas with grassland and forest, slopes of 20–40°, areas exposed NW or areas with a topographic roughness index of ?0.25 to 0 m. These findings may give recommendations for defining more effective model parameterization strategies and guide future work, in which simulated and MODIS SCA may be combined to generate improved products for SCA monitoring in Alpine catchments.  相似文献   

Flood seasonality‐based regionalization methods: a data‐based comparison     

Ali Sarhadi  Reza Modarres 《水文研究》2011,25(23):3613-3624

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